When selecting the best pipes for a plumbing project, the decision often comes down to three common options — PVC, copper, or PEX. Learn the differences between PVC vs. copper vs. PEX, including their pros and cons, average costs, durability, common applications, and everything else you need to know before starting your next piping project with the team at High 5 Plumbing, Heating, Cooling & Electric.
Overview of Plumbing Pipe Options
The most common types of piping are PEX, PVC, and copper. While there are other options, these materials stand out due to their durability, lower cost, and ease of use.
PEX pipes
PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) is a type of plastic piping most often used to transport water. This material is rigid yet flexible enough to be installed in tight spaces. PEX is an affordable material compared to other options, and labor costs are lower due to the simple process of cutting and joining PEX plumbing.
Copper pipes
Copper pipe is known for its durability and relatively easy installation. Many people prefer copper plumbing to PEX or PVC because it doesn’t leach harmful microplastics into the water over time, making it a good option for long-term use. They’re made of almost pure copper, so these pipes are more expensive than plastic alternatives.
PVC pipes
Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, is a common, inexpensive pipe material most often used for wastewater lines. PVC is lightweight, affordable, and easy to work with, making it an ideal choice for installing drainage, waste, or vent lines.
Side-By-Side Comparison
Compare each pipe material to determine which is the best type for your piping project.
Durability
Durability is a key concern when choosing plumbing materials:
- PEX: PEX is surprisingly durable, lasting 30 to 50 years under normal conditions. PEX can withstand some expansion due to freezing water without bursting (a major concern in Denver, CO), and it doesn’t corrode.
- Copper: Copper is known for its durability, lasting up to 70 years. Copper pipes can degrade more quickly if your home has acidic water.
- PVC: PVC is believed to have a lifespan of around 100 years, although this isn’t confirmed, since it was invented in the 1960s. Exposure to sunlight, freezing temperatures, and soil movement can cause PVC to fail prematurely.
Cost
Cost is another important consideration. Here’s how the pipes compare:
- PEX: PEX is a type of plastic, making it significantly more affordable than any metal option. PEX generally costs between $0.50 and $2 per linear foot.
- Copper: Copper is highly durable and well-suited to water lines, but it comes at a cost of $4 to $12 per linear foot.
- PVC: PVC is a very inexpensive plastic material, ranging from $0.50 to $3 per linear foot.
Installation process
Another major factor to consider when choosing pipe material is the installation, which affects cost and project completion time:
- PEX: PEX pipes are easy to cut and join together, and they can even be connected to other material types. Additionally, they’re quite flexible, making installation simpler and less expensive than with other materials.
- Copper: Copper needs to be cut with special saws and soldered to connect joints. The installation process is normally longer and more expensive than with other options.
- PVC: PVC plumbing installation is straightforward — you can cut it with simple tools and join it with solvents. This makes PVC less expensive to install than most materials.
Maintenance
A key consideration of pipe material is maintenance:
- PEX: PEX is relatively low-maintenance, but it requires UV light protection and sturdy supports to prevent sagging.
- Copper: Copper is known for its durability, but still needs to be periodically inspected for leaks, mineral buildup, or corrosion caused by acidic water.
- PVC: PVC should be regularly checked for cracks or leaks, especially in sections exposed to open air.
Best Applications for Each Type
Now that you understand the unique features of PEX, PVC, and copper pipes, learn which applications suit each material.
PEX applications
PEX is a versatile pipe that can be used for many plumbing projects, such as:
- Water service lines
- Hot and cold plumbing water distribution
- Fire protection for residences
- Reclaimed water lines
- Radiant heat water lines
Copper applications
Copper is a quality plumbing material most often used for:
- Water supply and distribution lines
- Drainage lines
- Vent lines, including roof and building drains
- Forced-circulation hot water heating systems
- Fire sprinkler systems
PVC applications
PVC pipes are an inexpensive option for multiple plumbing jobs, including:
- Drain lines
- Wastewater and sewer lines
- Vent lines
- Below-ground exterior irrigation water supply
Pros and Cons of Each Type
To help you choose the pipe option that is right for you, review the pros and cons of each material.
Pros and cons of PEX
Pros of PEX piping include:
- Cost-effective
- Cheaper to install
- Less noise from water flow
- Highly durable and flexible
- Good insulation for hot water
Cons of PEX include:
- Susceptible to damage from fire
- Very sensitive to UV light
- Non-recyclable
- Can be chewed through by rodents
- Can leach harmful plastics into your water
Pros and cons of Copper
Pros of copper piping include:
- Extremely durable
- No chance of water contamination
- More environmentally friendly to produce
- Fire-resistant
Cons include:
- Higher cost
- Can add a metallic taste to water
- Degraded by acidic water
Pros and cons of PVC
Pros of PVC to consider are:
- Won’t corrode
- Fast and easy to install
- Low-friction surface boosts durability and reduces noise
- Lightweight
- Inexpensive
- Very durable
PVC cons include:
- Weak to high heat
- Can degrade in UV light
- May leach plastics into clean water
- Can burst when frozen
Get the Job Done Right With High 5
There are several factors to consider when selecting pipes for a plumbing project. Comparing PEX, copper, and PVC can help you choose the piping that best suits your needs, budget, and project.
If you’re looking for in-depth advice, the High 5 plumbing team is here to help. We offer comprehensive plumbing services, focusing on the most effective way to do the job. We’re upfront about pricing and work hard to earn our customers’ satisfaction. Contact us today for more info or to schedule a plumbing service appointment.
